Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Corporate administration - Essay Example After a few occasions, the association turned into the fourth biggest speculation banks in America. The association declared financial insolvency insurance on September 15, 2008. Because of a few reasons and contentions Lehman Brothers crumbled. Worldwide budgetary emergency, deficient administration style and horrible showing of the administrator and overseeing executive, Dick Fuld are the significant explanations for the breakdown. Equitably, the explanations for the breakdown can be partitioned into two gatherings, for example, corporate administration disappointments and specialized issues (Wearing, 2005, p.121). The association was following lacking corporate administration plans. Corporate administration is a significant and successful framework that causes an association to direct and control (Solomon, 2007, p.52). It assists with deciding the exercises of the leading body of an association. Powerful corporate administration rehearses help an association to set and address the hierarchical worth. Absence of viable corporate administration rehearses, absence of straightforwardness, Dick Fuld’s insufficient authority methodology and disregarding the essentialness of successful corporate administration drove the association towards chapter 11. Corporate Risk Management and Corporate Governance disappointment Risk was a piece of Lehman Brothers everyday business. ... As a general rule, the official board of trustees of Lehman Brother’s met just twice before the chapter 11 in the year 2006 and 2007 individually (Choudhury, 2012, p.147). In addition, the association began to rehearse high hazard business activities before its breakdown. In this specific period the association needed to concentrate on the forceful development techniques so as to beat the difficulties. During 2006-2007, Lehman Brothers created exposures to organized items, unsafe subprime loaning, high-chance loaning for utilized buyout and business land yet it didn't considered the way that the advances were not fluid. What's more, Lehman Brothers surpassed their inside hazard limits and higher winning interest control. These realities are considered as the start of the breakdown (Rosenberg, 2012, p.244). It is apparent that the top level administrators and officials of the association abused their obligations and duties by presenting their firm to expected risk by wrong budg et reports. Repo 105 was the claim to fame of the deceptive exchanges of Lehman Brothers. Through Repo 105 the association could expel more than billions of liabilities from the asset report. The abuse and presence of Repo 105 is colossal disputable and it goes past the corporate administration. The particular corporate administration structure of Lehman Brothers can be considered as the pre-customized plan to crumple. Over relentless CEO, wasteful official group, power battle between the key players and top lieutenant uncovered the hazard factors. The leading body of the chiefs was loaded up with inability and non-official people. This was a harmful blend. The significant individual in the

Data Collection Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information Collection - Coursework Example inesses gather information so as to, examine their presentation, know their number of customers, comprehend clients attributes and conduct, lead the piece of the overall industry, and have a concise projections of things to come execution of the business among others. Accordingly it is one of the center components inside the innovative work unit of a business. During our 6th exercise (hierarchical execution measure), we broke down four fundamental execution estimates which incorporates; input (assets required in doing a program), process (cost of assets per the unit of the normal yield), yield (work finished or the administrations gave by the infused info), and result which is the whether the client needs and the program objects are met). In giving an extended conversation on information assortment, the paper will receive the info execution measure. Information alludes to the measure of the assets that is either required or accessible to create a result and yield. It is typically communicated as the measure of assets that is required for an executed of a program or venture. They encourage the production of a yield. They incorporate the gear, cost of work, utilities, building space, supplies, materials and overhead among others. The proportions of info give data on assets, for example, the money related financial plan and the individuals that are accessible in the execution of different procedures that conveys a yield. This is a sort of information assortment utilized in evaluating the exhibition of the association. They are additionally utilized in the hierarchical limit point of view by the workers. It is one of the major routes in acquiring real information and data on the adjustments in status and customers conduct particularly after they have finished a help. Before an information is requested for the consummation of a specific errand, it is significant that an overview is led with the goal that the best is gotten to encourage the objective accomplishment. The goals must be accomplished when the best information sources are

As we hurtle towards Pi Day

As we hurtle towards Pi Day… Things are getting fast and furious as we head towards Thursday, but I thought Id take a tiny break to post a little something. Ive already had a lot of bleary eyed moments in the last few weeks (my eyes are actually pretty sore as I type this), which reminded me of the post I wrote a couple years ago (see below). As someone commented on Lydias recent post, around this time of year there are usually a bunch of pre-pi-day posts with various thoughts, comments, and advice before the decisions go out. Lydias is one such post that is worth a read. Ive collected a few others from over the years that I think are worth perusing, too (though it is by no means an exhaustive list): Me, March 16, 2011: Bleary-eyed David duKor-Jackson, March 13, 2012: To whom much is given Lydia K. 14, March 8, 2012: As We Approach Decision Day Anna H. 14, March 10, 2011: I Challenge You Chris M. 12, March 13, 2010: Decisions, Decisions I will admit this may not qualify as a real post as it is essentially a post of other posts, but I hope it provides some good perspective and interesting reading for those of you waiting for Pi Day. As mentioned in the posts above: dont panic, dream big, explore the internet, dont obsess, solve some puzzles, look at cute cats, thank people, and go relax and have some fun while you wait! Feel free to comment and share your favorite blog posts below too. [Disclaimer: if you have questions, probably best not to ask them here, as I probably wont be able to respond to much of anything in the next 42 hours or so as we wrap everything up with decisions; apologies in advance!] Okay, its 11pm and I havent eaten dinner yet. Time to go get some food

The Biblical Passage Of Joseph - 868 Words

In this paper, I will analyze and compare the differences between the Biblical passage that tells the story of Joseph and a movie that portrays the story of Joseph. The Biblical passage of Joseph is in Genesis. Its starts in Genesis chapter 37 and ends in chapter 46. This is the story of Joseph and his brothers, the sons of Jacob. The movie that I have chosen is called Joseph: King of Dreams. This movie was directed by Rob LaDuca and Robert Ramirez and, it was released in the year 2000. I chose this animated movie because it closely retails the story of Joseph, and it is adapted to be suitable for all ages. Even though the movie has some differences from the Biblical story. I will later analyze why those differences change the context of†¦show more content†¦Later on, Joseph had another dream and said to his brothers: â€Å"behold, I have dreamed another dream; and, behold, the sun, the moon, and eleven stars were bowing down me† (Genesis 37:9, Revised Standard Versio n, Second Catholic Edition). And Joseph’s father asks, â€Å"Shall I and your mother and your brother indeed come to bow ourselves to the ground before you?† (Genesis 37: 10). This makes Joseph’s brothers hate him even more. One day, Joseph’s father asked him to go where his older brothers were pasturing the flocks. When he arrived where his brothers were, Joseph found them conspiring against him. They planned to kill him, throw him into a pit and pretend that a wild beast killed him. However, one of his brothers, Reubin, said â€Å"let us not take his life† (Genesis 37: 21). â€Å"Shed no blood; cast him into this pit here in the wilderness, but lay no hand upon him-that he may rescue him out of their hands and restore him to his father† (Genesis 37: 22). When Joseph was with his brothers, they threw him into a pit and later, sold him to an Ish’maelites caravan. Later, Joseph’s brothers told Israel that a wild animal killed him. Meanwhile, Joseph was taken to Egypt, where he was sold to the captain of the guard of Egypt. In a short time, Joseph became the right hand man of his master. Joseph refused to betray his master with his master’s wife, but she implied that Joseph tried to take advantage of her and he was put in

Key Pieces of Persuaasive Essay Topics

Key Pieces of Persuaasive Essay Topics Persuaasive Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone All persuasive essays are like argumentative essays. Doing this, you'll certainly find your ideal essay title easily and faster. If you wish to make your speech a blockbuster, you may have to practice it tremendously. If it's an informative speech, consider what you are either well informed about or are interested in and would love to find out more about. The Number One Question You Must Ask for Persuaasive Essay Topics Teens should have the ability to select their bedtime. Kids should have the ability to vote. Children shouldn't be permitted to play computer games. They should be required to read more. When you have to understand how to begin an essay, you need to always start out with an intriguing hook that suits the subject of your paper. Ideally, you'll want to think about topics that could provoke some kind of debate, as you'll then have the ability to choose one particular sid e or the other relating to that debate that you can then argue about. Still, you need to make your topic more specific. Anyway, below, it is possible to find topic that are fantastic for both situations. Before actually beginning to compose your essay, you have to select an issue to write about. You don't need to be formal when writing your thoughts. For instance, if you're writing about this issue about elite athletes, you could argue that Michael Jordan is an elite athlete on account of the skills he has. While it's a nerve-wracking prospect for the majority of people, the fantastic news is that in the event that you produce a good topic for your speech, which you may prepare well for, then the true speech doesn't have to be something to dread. The primary target of brainstorming is to generate a wide range of special ideas everybody can utilize. Your work is to choose whether or not there ought to be a particular age when kids are given access to a smartphone. Your kid was requested to compose an essay as part of a school project, or as a type of essay contests for children, and you might find it tough to think of persuasive essay topics. You may trust us to give expert assistance for many of your academic writing needs. There are a couple of basic guidelines to follow as a way to be in a position to compose an excellent persuasive essay. One involves the idea of mental resources to which I have alluded in several different columns, regarding reading and mathematics and writing. Selecting an excellent topic for your essay is among the most essential and frequently tricky parts for many students. Another excellent example would be speaking about college facing a teenage audience. The manner in which you deliver your speech before the audience will also play an extremely major role on how funny it's going to be and how it is able to impact your audience. Clearly, you ought not purposely select a topic that will bore your audience. By understanding your audience it will be simpler that you explain yourself, and it'll be simpler for your audience to understand you. Furthermore, the audience was served and they win. Our qualified academic experts will assist you in finding a great persuasive essay topic according to all of your requirements and compose a custom-tailored model answer. Possessing fantastic research abilities and selecting a superb topic is important. More frequently, the training regime involves the next structure. If nobody knows the way to write or read cursive handwriting, the shape of communication is going to be lost, some believe. It's possible to develop the speaking skill in a quite effective manner. There are many different persuasion practices that were demonstrated to be the best in an argumentative essay. Often it is crucial to go beyond your own wisdom and experience. Top Persuaasive Essay Topics Choices School should happen in the evenings. School holidays should be twice as long. Children ought to be able to use cellphones in school. School tests aren't effective.

Analysis of Salt in India Free Essays

Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-1 Course : Integrated Marketing Communication L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per Week Total Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of this course is to provide the students with knowhow about Marketing Communication, Integration concepts, Media planning and buying concepts. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Salt in India or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learning this course would equip the students in building there career in advertising and media planning. Unit I: Introduction to Marketing Communication Concept; Functional areas of Marketing Communications; How does marketing communication work. Concept of brand-customer touch points. Unit II: Concept of Integrated Marketing Communication planning process-identifying target audience, analyzing SWOT, determining marketing communication objectives, developing strategies and tactics, setting the budget and evaluating effectiveness. Concept of internal marketing. Unit III: Creative Concept and Messages; the message strategy brief, the creative process, Unit IV: Message Execution; Message storytelling, tone and style, copy writing, message consistency, the consistency triangle. Unit V : Media planning, media classification, media strengths and weaknesses, Audience management and measurement, out of home media, product placement. Unit VI: Media targeting, media profiles, CDI-BDI Determination, calculating reach and frequency, GRP and TRP concept and calculation, IMC media mix, calculating media cost, media scheduling. Text Book: 1. Principles of Advertising and IMC: Duncan, Tom. – McGraw Hill. Reference Books: 1. Integrated Marketing Communications: Pickton, D. and Broderick, A. – Prentice Hall. 2. Using advertising and promotion to build brands: Blyth, J. –Pearson 3. Advertising management by Jethwaney: Pub by Oxford. . Building the Indian Brand: Kapoor, MacMillan Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-2 Course : Brand Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The objective of this course is to teach students the broad topic of brand equity and brand management. Learning this course would help them to understand the key issues in planning and evaluating brand strategies. The course covers theories, models and other tools which are used to make better branding decisions. Unit I: Brands and Brand Management: What is a Brand? Why do Brands Matter? Can anything be branded? What are the strongest Brands? Branding challenges and opportunities, Brand equity concept, Strategic Brand Management Process The Customer Based Brand equity: Brand Knowledge; Building a Strong Brand, Brand-Building Implications. Unit II: Brand Positioning: Identifying and Establishing Brand Positioning, Positioning Guidelines, Defining and Establishing Brand Values, Internal Branding. Choosing Brand Elements to Build Brand Equity: Criteria for Choosing the Brand Elements, Options and Tactics for Brand Elements. Unit III: Designing Marketing Programs to Build Brand Equity: New Perspective on Marketing, Product Strategy, Pricing Strategy, Channel Strategy. Leveraging Secondary Brand Knowledge to Build Brand Equity: Conceptualizing the Leveraging Process, Company, Country of Origin and other Geographic Areas, Channels of Distribution, Co- branding, Licensing, Celebrity endorsement, Sporting, Cultural, or Others Events, Third Party Sources. Unit IV: Developing a Brand Equity Measurement and Management System: The Brand Value Chain, Designing Brand Tracking Studies, Establishing a Brand Equity Management System. Measuring Sources of Brand Equity: Qualitative Research Techniques, Quantitative Research Techniques; Measuring Outcomes of Brands Equity: Capturing Market Performance, Comparative Methods, Holistic Methods. Unit V: Designing and Implementing Branding Strategies: The Brand-Product Matrix, Brand Hierarchy, Designing a Branding Strategy. Introducing and Naming New Products and Brand Extensions: New Products and Brand Extensions, Advantages of Extensions, Disadvantages of Brand Extensions, Understanding How Consumers Evaluate Brand Extensions, Evaluating Brand Extension Opportunities. Unit VI: Managing Brands over Time: Reinforcing Brands, Revitalizing Brands, Adjustments to the Brand Portfolio. Managing Brands over Geographic Boundaries and Market Segments: Rationale for Going International, Advantages of Global Marketing Programs, Disadvantages of Global Marketing Programs, Standardization versus Customization, Global Brand Strategy, Building Global Customer – Based Brand Equity Text Book: 1. Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, Kevin L. Keller, Pearson Education. Reference Books: 1. Brand Positioning: Strategies for competitive Advantage: Sengupta, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Strategic Brand Management by Richard Elliot:   Larry Percy, Oxford University Press, India. 3. Managing Brand Equity by Aaker D: Free Press. 4. The New Strategic Brand Management: Jean-Noel Kapferer, Kogan Page. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-3Course : Retail Management L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: The subject is designed to understand the Retailing of Products and Services, the role of Retail in Economy and the various issues related to Retail like Infrastructure, Merchandising, Store Operations, etc. Unit I: Introduction: Retail in India, Size of Retail in India, Key Sectors, FDI in Retail, Challenges to Retail Development, Evaluation of Retail formats, Theories of Retail Development, Concept of Life Cycle in Retail, Business Models in Retail, Services Retail, India Specific Retail Models, Concept of Internationalization, Determining Market Entry, Retail in Asia. Unit II: Strategy Planning: The need for Studying consumer behavior, Factors influencing the retail shopper, Customer Decision Making process, market Research, Retail Strategy, Concept of Business Model, Growth Strategy, Retail Value Chain, Ethics in Retailing, Types of Retail Locations, Stepin in choosing location, Methods of evaluating trade area, Retail Franchising, Types of franchising, Advantages 7 Disadvantages of Franchising, Franchising in India, Legal Issues. Unit III: Merchandise Management: Factors affecting Buying decisions, The merchandiser’s role and responsibility, Buyer role and responsibility, Function of buying for different types of organizations, Buying for a single / independent store, Concept of lifestyle merchandising, Implications of Merchandise planning, Process of Merchandise planning, Technology tools for merchandise planning, Methods of Procurement, Sourcing, Age of Global Sourcing, Retailing pricing evaluating Merchandise performance. Unit IV: Managing Retail: Private Labels, Need and Evolution of Private Labels, Process of Creation, Category Management, Reasons for Emergence of Category Management, Components of Category Management, Category Management Business Process, Drawbacks of Category Management, Store Operations Profitability, Key components in Retail Operations, Retail Economics, The 5Ss of Retail Operations. Unit V: Creating and Sustaining Value: Store Design Visual Merchandising, Concept Principles of Store Design, Elements of Store Design, Visual Merchandising, Servicing the Retail Customer Measuring gaps in service Gathering Customer Information Enhancing Loyalty CRM, Personal Selling, Retail Selling process. Unit VI: Marketing Technology: Retail marketing Branding, Retail Marketing Mix, The STP approach, Retail Image, Retail Communication Mix, Concept of Branding, Retail Management Information Systems, Unique Needs of Technology in Retail, Need for Product identification, Importance of IT in retailing, Factors affecting use of technology, Applications of Technology, Internet Retailing, Supply Chain Management, Concept, Need Evolution, SCM Framework, Integration of SC, Innovations in Supply Chain, Collaborative Planning Forecasting Replenishment (CPFR). Text Book: 1. Retail Management, 3rd Edition: Swapna Pradhan, McGraw Hills Publications, Reference Books: 1. Managing Retailing: Sinha Uniyal, Oxford Publications 2. Retail Management: A Global Perspective, – Singh, Dr. Harjit, S. Chand Publications Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-4Course : Sales and Distribution Management L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of the course is to familiarize the student with the sales operations and sales management functions and distribution management. Endeavor is to provide both theoretical inputs and applications of practical aspects. Unit I: Introduction to sales management, building selling skills and selling strategies, understanding the sales process. Unit II: Purpose, Setting up a sales organization, Basic types of sales organization. Managing sales territory, Managing sales quota Unit III: Recruiting and selecting sales personnel, determining the kind of salespeople, determining size of the sales force; Training salespeople: Developing and conducting sales training programmes, Defining training objectives, deciding training content, selecting training method. Unit III: Designing and administrating compensation plans, Types of compensation plans and requirements of a good compensation plan; Motivating salespeople: Meaning, Need gratification and motivation, Interdependence and motivation, Motivation and leadership. Unit IV: Supervising and evaluating salespeople-Setting standards of performance, Quantitative and qualitative performance criteria, Controlling salespeople through supervision. Unit V: Introduction to channel management. Distribution channel strategies. Designing Customer Oriented Marketing Channels. Unit VI: Managing Channel member behavior: Channel relationships, control, positioning and conflict. Managing International Channels of Distribution. Text Book: 1. Sales Distribution Management: by Tapan Panda –publisher, Oxford Publication. Reference Books: 1. Sales Management: Chunawalls, S A, Himalaya Publishing House 2. Sales Management: Pradip Kumar Mallik, Oxford Publication 3. Physical Distribution Management: Kulkarni, M V, Everest Publishing House 4. Marketing Management: V S Ramaswami S Namkumari, Macmillan India Ltd 5. Sales Distribution Management: by Krishna K Harvadkar -publisher: McGraw Hill. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-5Course : Services Marketing L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of the course is to help students gain knowledge and skills in dealing with marketing of services. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment from him/her. The course includes the services marketing concepts, characteristics, challenges and strategies, consumer behavior to services, employees’ and customers’ roles in service delivery, managing demand and supply, and the design and development of effective service system. Unit I: Introduction to Services: What are services? Why services marketing? Characteristics of services, challenges in services marketing. Services marketing mix. Unit II: Consumer Behavior in Services: Search, Experience, and Credence properties Customer choice, Consumer experience, Postexperience evaluation, Customer Expectations in Services – Meaning and types of service expectations, Factors that influence customer expectations of services, Issues involving customer service expectations. Unit III: Customer Perceptions in Services: Customer perceptions, Customer satisfaction, Service quality, the gaps model of service quality. Service encounter, Service Recovery – The impact of service failure and recovery, how customer respond to service failure, Customers’ recovery expectations, services recovery strategies. Unit IV: Service Development and Design: New service development, Service blueprinting, Customer Defined Service Standards – Factors necessary for appropriate service standards, Types of customer-defined standards. Physical Evidence and the Servicescape – Physical evidence, Types of Servicescape, Strategic roles of the Servicescape. Unit V: Employees’ Role in Service Delivery: Service culture, the critical importance of service employees. Customers Role in Service Delivery: The importance of Customers in service delivery, Customers’ role, Strategies for enhancing customer participation Unit VI: Managing Demand and Capacity: The underlying issue: Lack of Inventory capability, Demand pattern, Strategies for matching capacity and demand, waiting line strategies, Pricings of services – Approaches to pricing services, Pricing strategies. Text Book . Services Marketing: Govind Apte, Oxford University Press Reference Books: 1. Services Marketing: Valarie A Zeithaml, Dwayne D Gremler et al, Tata McGraw-Hill 2. Services Marketing: Harsh Verma, Pearson 3. Services Marketing: Vinnie Jauhari, Oxford University Press 4. Services Marketing: Rajendra Nargundkar, Tata McGraw-Hill 5. Services Marketing: K. Rama Mohana Rao, Pearson Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administrat ion) Course Code : MBT601-6Course : Rural Marketing L: 3 Hrs. , T : 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: A complete understanding of rural market environment and rural economy, rural marketing strategy, future prospects and understanding Government policy measures for developing Agricultural marketing Unit I: The Rural Economy: The economic scenario in rural India – the transition of rural economy – the Rural economic structure – the rural infrastructure – Rural marketing environment – the Role of Government in the development of Agricultural marketing Unit II: Rural Consumer Buying Behavior: Characteristics of rural consumer – Factors affecting consumer behavior –Consumer buying process – Opinion leadership process – Brand management in rural market Unit III: Rural Market Research: Need and importance: Primary Data collection and interpretation – Field procedures and rural realities P. R. A. Technique. Unit IV: Targeting, Segmentation and Positioning in Rural Market: Basis of segmentation – Selecting and targeting segment – Positioning decision – Rural marketing initiative by Corporate Sector Unit V: Rural Marketing Strategy: Product Strategy – Pricing strategy – Distribution strategy – Communication strategy, Marketing of Agri- inputs-Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticides and Tractors. Unit VI: Innovation in Rural Marketing and Financial services: Innovation in Rural Marketing: E-Rural marketing – Organized retailing – Cooperative marketing Financial services: An overview of financial services – Sources of Credit – Innovative credit delivery system like Kisan credit card – Micro finance – Chit funds – Cooperative credit – Crop insurance Text book 1. The Rural Marketing: by Pradip kashyap Siddhatha Raut (Publisher: Biztantra) Reference Books: 1. Rural Marketing: By Balram Dogra Karminder Chuman (Publisher: Tata McGraw Hill Edu Pvt Ltd) 2. Introduction to Rural Marketing: By R. Krishnamoorthy (Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House) 3. Rural Marketing Text and Cases: By U C Mathur (Publisher: Excel Books) 4. Rural Marketing: by R V Bedi M V Bedi (Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House) Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-7 Course : Consumer Behaviour Marketing Research L:3 Hrs. T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course is designed as an overview of the Consumer Behaviour and its image in Marketing Management. The course will cover the evolution of Consumer Research, Individual determination of Consumer behaviour, Influence and Decision Making of the market king. The objective of this course is to give exposure in practice of the Cons umerism in modern marketing and that will allow you to develop your own frame work for understanding the behavior of consumer. Unit I: Consumer Behaviour- An Overview: Introduction, Meaning, Definition, Scope, Relevance of Consumer Behaviour, Development of Consumer Behaviour study, Growth of Consumer Research, Consumer Behaviour and Marketing Management; Consumer Decision Making, Trends in Consumer Behaviour. Unit II: Consumer Modelling: Models of Consumer Behaviour, Haward Sheth Model of Buying Behaviour, The NICOSIA Model, The ENGEL-KOLLAT-BLACKWELL Model, WEBSTAR AND WIND MODEL of Organizational Buying Behaviour. Unit III: Individual Determination of Consumer Behaviour: Consumer Perception, Internal External Factors, The Perceptual Process, Consumer Imagery and Marketing Implication; Learning- Definition, Elements and Process of Learning, Types of Learning Processes, Classical Conditioning, Consumer Memory, Observational Learning or Modeling, Low Involvement Theory. Unit IV: Consumer Decision Making: Consumer Decision Making- Meaning, Views, Types of Decision Making in buying, Process of Decision Making, Consumer Information Processing, Models of Consumer Decision Making; Types of Household, Household Life Cycle, A Model of Household Decision Making. Unit V: Consumer Research: Consumer Research Paradigms, Consumer Research Process- Developing Research Objectives, Collecting Secondary Data, Designing Primary Research, Data Analysis and Reporting Research Finding, Conducting the Research study. Unit VI: Advertising Media Research: Importance of Advertising, Need for Advertising Research, Media Research, Copy testing Advertising Research Studies in India, Evaluation of Advertising Research, Ethics in Consumer Research. Text Book 1. Consumer Behaviour In Indian Perspective, Text and Cases: Suja R. Nair, Himalaya Publishing House Reference Books: 1. Consumer Behaviour In Indian Context: P. C. Jain Monika Bhatt, Sultan Chand, New Delhi 2. Consumer Behaviour: Leon Kannuk, Prentice- Hall of India LTd, New Delhi. 3. Marketing Research: Beri, McGraw-Hill Education Private Ltd, New Delhi. 4. Consumer Behaviour: Ramanuj Majumdar, PHI Learning Private Ltd, New Delhi 5. Consumer Behaviour: Hoyer Maclnnis Dasgupta, Biztantra- New Delhi. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT601-8 Course : Customer Relationship Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The purpose of this course is to make the students understand the organizational need, benefits and process of creating Long-term value for individual customers. It aims to develop an understanding of what CRM means to businesses, plus why and the how of putting a CRM Program into action. Unit I : Customer Relationship Management- Basic Concepts: Key Customers, Considerations to Decide the Key Customers, Strategies for Key Customers, Segmentation, Campaign Management, Single Customer View, Cross-Selling and Up-Selling, Multi-channels, Operational and Analytical CRM, Case-Study. Unit II: Planning for CRM: Building Customer Centricity, Setting CRM Objectives, Defining Data Requirements, Planning Desired Outputs, Relevant Issues while planning outputs, Elements in CRM Plan, Relevant Issues in the CRM Plan, Case Study. Unit III: CRM Strategy: Strategic Orientation for CRM, Extending the Concepts of Relationships, Technology Orientation, Strategic Framework for CRM, Planning for Success, Change Management, Case Study. Unit IV: CRM Implementation: Preparing for CRM Implementation, Dimensions and Technology Issues in CRM Implementation, Steps in CRM Implementation, Expected Benefits, Choosing Right CRM Implementation Approach, CRM Implementation-Best Practices, Case Study. Unit V: Role of IT and eCRM: CRM Strategy and Technology, Steps in Preparing the IT Systems for CRM, Using IT Systems for Better CRM, Issues for Consideration in CRM Tool Selection, Tools for CRM, Basic Concepts for eCRM, Benefits of eCRM, Steps in eCRM, Success Factors in eCRM, Establishing Customer Relationships on the Internet, Case Studies. Unit VI: CRM in Practices: CRM in Manufacturing, CRM in Insurance, CRM in Airlines, CRM in Hotels and CRM in Telecom. Text Book: 1. Customer Relationships Management: Kaushik Mukherjee, Prentice Hall of India. Reference Books: 1. The CRM Handbook: Jill Dyche, Vikas Publishing House. 2. Customer Relationships Management: William, G. Zikmund, Raymund McLeod Jr. and Faye W. Gilbert, Wiley. 3. CRM-Essential Customer Strategies for the 21st Century: Paul Greenberge, Pearson Education. 4. Customer Relationship Management: Mohammed, H. Peeru and a Sagadevan, Vikas Publishing House. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-1 Course : Corporate Taxation L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation in corporate taxation exhaustic analysis on calculations of Income from Business Profession, VAT, Service Tax, Central Excise Laws, Custom Laws Filing of Returns. Unit I: Definition of Income Assessee: Previous year, Assessment year, Gross total income, Total taxable income, Residential status, Agricultural income. Unit II: Income from Business Profession and Income from capital gains in relation to corporates Unit III: Income exempt from tax Assessment: Deductions. Set off Carry forward of losses, TDS, Self-assessment tax, Filing of return. Unit IV: Central Excise Laws Customs Laws: Basis of chargeability of duties of central excise- goods, Manufacture, Classification and valuation of excisable goods- specific issues and case studies; Nature of customs duty, Types of customs duty, Classification for Customs and rate of duty, Valuation for customs duty, Provisions regarding baggage. Unit V: VAT: concept, Applicability, Procedures involved and implications of the VAT, Introduction to CST. Unit VI: Service Tax: Provisions of law and procedures; Various Services covered under Service Tax. Reference Books: 1. Direct Taxes: Ahuja, G. K. Gupta, Ravi, Bharat Law House. 2. Indirect Taxes : Datey V. S. , Taxmann Publications, New Delhi 3. Direct Taxes Law Practice: Bhagwati Prasad, WishwaPrakashan. 4. Income Tax, Bombay: Kanga, J. B. and Palkhivala, N. A. , N. M. Tripathi. 5. Direct Taxes Law and Practice: Singhania V. K. , SinghaniaKapil, Singhania Monica, Taxmann Publications, New Delhi. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-2 Course : Security Analysis Portfolio Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide knowledge about security analysis Portfolio Management. It covers various points such as, investments its various avenues, analysis of capital market, various risk-return model, efficient market theory, process of portfolio construction. It aims to provide the students of finance stream, the thumb rules of analyzing security market to reduce risk enhance returns. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment rom him/her. Unit I: Capital Markets: Overview of money markets, History of Indian capital markets, Capital market scams, Reforms in capital markets, Primary Markets – free pricing, book building, Private placements, Secondary Markets – Organization, membership, and management of stock exchanges, Listing, trading, clearing and settlement mechanism, Listing categories, BSE, NSE, measures to boost liquidity in the secondary market, reforms in secondary markets and its impact, Internet trading. Unit II: Investment scenario Risk Return analysis: Investor life cycle and investment goals, Investment options available and their comparison, investment constraints, Definition and Measures of return and risk – historical rates calculation, Expected rates, required rate of return, risk free rate of return, measurement of risk in portfolio context Unit III: Efficient capital markets Hypothesis capital Market Theory: Need, EMH – forms, tests and results, Implications of efficient capital markets; Random walk Hypothesis, Indian Markets and Efficiency, Capital Market theory – Background, risk free asset, Markowitz portfolio theory, the market portfolio; capital asset pricing Model, systematic and unsystematic risk, CML, SML; Arbitrage pricing theory – empirical test of APT, Stability of beta. Unit IV: Fundamental and Technical Analysis: Concept, process of fundamental analysis , Economy analysis, sector analysis, company analysis;, Tools and techniques of fundamental analysis, business cycle and industry life cycle analysis. Analysis of growth companies, Concept of technical analysis, Assumptions, advantages and challenges; fundamental Vs. technical analysis, Tools and techniques for analysis; Dow theory, basic types of charts, Price patterns, Trendlines, moving averages and advanced technical tools. Unit V: Equity Debt portfolio Management strategies, Optimum Portfolio Selection Revision and Performance measurement: approaches to equity investment, passive active styles, Equity style management, cross-border strategies, role of fixed income securities in a portfolio, fixed income portfolio management strategies, Optimum Portfolio Selection Revision –portfolio diversification, Optimal portfolio selection, portfolio revision its techniques, transaction cost, portfolio monitoring rebalancing, issues in portfolio rebalancing * selection revision of equity portfolios, Performance measurement – Concept, Measures available–Treyner, Sharpe, Jensen, performance attribution analysis and Measuring market timing skills. Unit VI: Mutual funds and AMCs: concept, origin and growth of mutual funds, constitution management of MFs – Sponsors, Trustees, AMCs, and custodians; Classification of mutual fund schemes, advantages and disadvantages in mutual fund schemes, NAV and pricing of mutual fund units; State of mutual funds in India. Text book 1. Investment Management-Security Analysis Portfolio Management: by V. K. Bhalla, S. Chand. Reference Books: 1. Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management: by Prasanna Chandra, Tata McGraw Hill Publishers  1/E, 2002 2. Investment Science: David G. Luenberger, Oxford Univeristy Press. 3. Financial Management: R. P. Rustagi, Galgotia Publication House. 4. Investment: William Sharpe (PHI) 5. Security Analysis and Portfolio Management: V. A. Avadhani, Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-3 Course : International Financial Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation exhaustic analysis on recent developments in the world monetary financial system, changing role of international financial managers in the volatile global forex markets. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I: Financial Management in global context: Role of Finance Manager in Global context, objectives of the firms and impact of risk, Constraints to maximization of value of firm, Exchange Rate Regimes, Emergence and Functions of IMF; Exchange Market; Exchange Dealers; RBI and Exchange Market; Exchange Rate System in India; Floating Vs. Fixed Exchange Rates. Unit II: Foreign Exchange Market Components And Activities: Defining Forex markets the exchange rates; Exchange Rate Mechanism, Quoting Foreign Exchange Rates- Spot Rate, Forward Rate, Cross rates and Problems from Exchange rate calculations, Forward contract, Hedging, Speculation, Arbitrage, Interest rate Arbitrage, Swaps-characteristics uses, Indian Forward market. Unit III: Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure its management: Meaning of exposure, Types, Causes of changes, Translation Transaction Exposure, Economic operational exposure- meaning its impact on exporter importer , Currency interest rate risk, Country Risk management. Unit IV: Management of Long Short term International financing: Concept of Foreign Investment – Direct Portfolio, Commercial Borrowings, GDRs, ADRs, Euro Issues, ECBs, Syndicated Credit, Short term sources of finance for MNCs, International forfeiting, international leasing, Euro Currency market, Asian Currency Market; Petro – Dollar Market. Unit V: International Capital Budgeting Capital structure of MNCs: Concept, Basic inputs for project evaluation, Problems associated with multinational capital budgeting, Evaluation of a project using various methods, International Cash management, Cost of Capital International Financial Environment, theory of optimal capital structure, the dilemma of finance manager. Unit VI: Multinational Tax Environment: Important types of taxes that MNCs face, tax treaties tax heavens; Indian Tax environment: Incentives for earnings in Foreign exchange, double taxation relief, transfer pricing. Text Book: 1. International Financial Management: A. K. Seth, Galgotia Publishing Company. Reference Books: 1. International Financial Management: P. G. Apte, Tata Mcgraw–Hill 2. International Finance: Thomas J. O’Brien, Second edition, Oxford University Press. 3. International Financial Management: Sharan , Prentice–Hall 4. Multinational Financial Management: Shapiro ,Prentice–Hall Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-4 Course : Financial Risk Management L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims to provide a strong conceptual foundation about risk management, future Option markets, Swaps, Insurance etc. It gives an exhaustic analysis on recent developments in the future option market how to calculate VAR. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I: Introduction to Risk Management: The meaning of risk, How risk is managed, Limitations of Risk Management, Corporate Risk Management, Approaches to Risk Management, The Process of Risk Management, Techniques of Risk Management. Unit II: Mechanics of the Futures Market: Meaning and Definition, Types of futures, Mechanism of the Futures Market, Motives behind using Futures, Stock and Index Futures, Currency Futures, Interest rate Futures, Commodity Futures. Unit III: Options: Concept of Options, American and European Options, Option pricing models, Exotic Options Unit IV: Financial Swaps: The Concept of Swaps, Interest rate swaps, Currency swaps, Pricing of Swaps. Unit V: Value at Risk: The Concept of VaR, How VaR is calculated, Uses and limitations of VaR. Unit VI: Introduction to Insurance – Life and Non-Life: Meaning and Nature of Insurance, Classification of Insurance, Elements of an Insurance Contract, various types of Life and Non-Life Insurance. Text Book: Options, Futures Other derivatives: by John C. Hull, Pearson. Reference Books: 1. Financial Management: Theory Concepts Problems by Dr. R. P. Rustagi,Taxmann. 2. Financial Management: by Rajiv Shrivastava and Anil Mishra, Oxford Publications. 3. Insurance Risk Management: Dr. P. K. Gupta, Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-5 Course : Project Planning Financing And Mergers Acquisitions L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course is divided into two parts the first part aims to study all about project management, Idea generation, Evaluation of the project, Loan documentation etc. The second part analyze gives an in-depth explanation of the concepts, processes, issues pitfalls involved in M As corporate restructuring using a lucid style. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. Unit I: Introduction to Project Management: (a)Planning: Generation Screening of project ideas, Market Demand Analysis, Technical Analysis , Financial estimates projections (b) Sources of Financing – Term Loan, Venture Capital, Private Equity, Debentures, Shares, etc.. Unit II: Evaluating the Project: Nature and significance, techniques of evaluation –Pay Back Method, Accounting rate of return, Net Present Value and profitability index. Risks attached to the project (A review of project risks identification, allocation, and management). Unit III: Project Report and Lender’s Analysis: Components, Details of the company, its promoters, project, finances required, profitability, etc.. ; Loan Documentation – Appraisal of term loans by Financial Institutions. Basic components of project finance; Financing of small scale industry – Meaning, importance, growth of SSIs, Special financing needs and sources, issues implications. Unit IV: Mergers Acquisitions:Forms of Corporate Restructuring, Different forms of MA, MA Process, Participants in the MA Process, Post closing Integration, Due Diligence, Reasons for failure of MA. Unit V: Methods of Valuation of Firms: Various approaches to Valuation, Role of Valuation, DCF Model, Equity Valuation Model, Firm Valuation Model. Unit VI: Takeover Defenses: Friendly vs. Hostile Takeovers, Takeover defenses, Preventive Anti-takeover measures, Corporate Charter amendments, Golden Parachute, Active Anti-takeover defenses, Regulation of Takeovers in India. Text Books: 1. Project Planning Analysis, Selection, Implementation and Review: Prasanna Chandra, TMH 2. Financial Management – Theory Concepts Problems: Dr. R. P. Rustagi,Taxmann. Reference Books: 1. Project Management and Control: Narendra Singh, Himalaya Publishing House 2. Financial Management: Rajiv Shrivastava and Anil Mishra, Oxford Publications. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-6 Course : Indian Banking and Financial System L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course analysis discusses the new challenges new initiatives of banks their unique role in the economy. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment form him/her. The course includes the fundamentals of Banking, Commercial Banks their role, NBFC’s, Management of Asset Liability Management. Unit I: Indian Financial System: Financial Intermediation, Introduction to Indian Banking System, Regulatory Framework, Sources of Funds, Application of Funds. Unit II: Commercial Banks I: Introduction to Bank’s Financial Statements, Analysis of Balance Sheet items, Deposits, Lending Function, Loan Policy, Loan Pricing, Credit Risk and Loan Losses. Unit III: Commercial Banks II: Investment Portfolio of Banks, Non Fund based Services, Plastic Money, SLR requirements, Capital Adequacy requirements, BASEL II Unit 4: Development Financial Institutions: Role of DFIs in the Financial System, Operations of major FIs in India – IFCI, ICICI, IDBI, SIDBI, Regulatory Framework for FIs Unit 5: NBFCs: Definition, Types and Services, Regulatory framework, Capital Adequacy Requirements. Unit 6: Asset Liability Management: ALM, Interest Rate Risk management Liquidity risk Management. Reference Books: 1. Principles of Bank Management: Vasant Desai, Himalaya Publishing house, Delhi 2. Basics of Banking Finance: Dr. K. M. Bhattacharya, Himalaya Publishing House 3. Banking Theory, Law Practice: GordenNatrajan, Himalaya Publishing House 4. Banking Theory Practice: Dr. P. K. Shrivastava, Himalaya Publishing house, Delhi Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-7 Course : Financial Services Merchant Banking L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course covers the various financial services and their role in the economic development along with the concept of Merchant Banking in detail Unit I: Financial Services: Concept, objectives, characteristics, issues, kinds of financial services Unit II: Marketing of Financial Services: Conceptual Framework, Distribution Pricing, Promotion, Attracting retaining customers. Unit III: Financial Services Market: Concept, Constituents, Growth of financial services in India, problems of finance services sector, Regulatory framework. Unit IV: Merchant Banking: Introduction, nature, Role of Merchant Bankers in Economy, Functions of merchant bankers, Code of conduct for merchant bankers. Unit V: Merchant Banking in India: Legal Regulatory Framework and relevant Provisions, SEBI guidelines for Merchant Bankers, present state of Merchant banking in India. Unit VI: Issue Management: Concept, pre and post issue activities, role of merchant banker in Issue management and Mergers and Acquisitions Text Book: 1. Financial Services: M. Y. Khan, Tata McGraw Hill 2010 Reference Books: 1. Financial Services: Gurusamy, Tata McGraw Hill 2010 2. Financial Services: Tripathy, Prentice Hall of India 2009 3. Financial Markets and Institutions: Madura, Thomson, 2009 Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT602-8 Course : Management Control System L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course aims at students should gain knowledge, insights and analytical skills related to how a firm’s managers go about designing , implementing and using the planning and control, system to implement the firms strategy. Unit I: Definition and Concept of Management Control, Subsystems of Management control-Strategic Control, operational control and task control, Functions of management accountant and controller, Impact of changing business environment on management accounting and control systems, Requisites for designing and implementing management control systems. Goal congruence – cybernetic paradigm of Grissinger – functions of the controller. Unit II: Responsibility Centers – Types of Responsibility centers – Expense Center, Profit Centers and Investment Centers – Budgetary Control as a tool for Management Control System – Engineered , Discretionary and Committed Costs. Approaches to Budgeting w. r. t. Engineered and Discritionary costs, Benchmarking and total cost management. Unit III: Transfer Pricing (Market Based and Cost Based): Related numerical problems – return on Investment, Economic Value Added, Capital Budgeting and Ratio Analysis as a tool to Management Performance Measurement. Unit IV: Management control system in service sector vis-a-vis in manufacturing sector. Financial and Non- Financial Performance measures w. r. t. balance score card (Rock Water’s Model) Unit V: MIS- Management Information System ERP Unit VI: Introduction to Audit Functions as a control tool covering financial audit, internal audit and Cost Audit- management audit – principles and Objectives. Text Book: 1. Management Control System: 10th Edition – Anthony and Govindrajan, Tata McGraw Hill Reference Books: 1. Practical Auditing: B. N. Tondon 2. Management Control System: Kirby. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-1 Course : Performance Management Compensation L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course seeks to expose students to fundamental theories and best practices in performance management. It will also try to illustrate the dynamic nature of performance management through the presentation of new ideas and controversial issues. It will enable students to link performance to rewards compensation. Unit I: Performance Management: Overview, concept, purpose, significance, characteristics, process of Performance Management Compensation (PMS). Emerging Trends in PMS Unit II: Planning employee performance and development: Basic concepts, Components of Performance Development Plan (PDP), Benefits of PDP Unit III: Monitoring Performance Mentoring: Introduction, performance review, conducting review meeting, frequency of review, self-assessment. Concept of Mentoring, benefits, process of mentoring, coaching for performance improvement. Unit IV: Stock taking Performance: Introduction, Purpose of Stocktaking, Different approaches of appraisal, Stock taking potential, Tools for Stocktaking potential Unit V: Appraising for Recognition reward: Methods of Appraisal, Errors during Appraisal, Appraisal for rewards, Appraisal for successful recognition Unit VI: Reward and Compensation management: Concept and types of compensation, Competitive imperatives, Equity in compensation, Designing compensation, fringe benefits, retirement benefits Text Book: 1. Performance Management: Prem Chadha, Publication –Macmillan Reference Books : 1. Human Resource Management: Snell Bohlander, Publication – Thomson 2. Compensation: Milkovich Neman, Publication – McGraw –Hill 3. Human Resource Management: Gary Dessler Publication – Thomson 4. Managing Human Resources: Monappa, Publication – Macmillan Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-2 Course : Management Of Change And Organizational Effectiveness L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The student will be exposed to various types of organizational change. The course will also enable them to identify the strategies for managing change in different scenarios. The course will also help the students to evaluate the different change strategies implemented in the organization. Unit I: Introduction to Managing Change: Concept of change, types of change, steps to manage change, Role of HR strategies in implementing change, Implementation impact of change. Unit II: Organizational Structure Management of Change: Concept, Organizational change, Organizational structure, Structure strategic change, Systematic approach to implement change, Resistance to change, Force field theory of change, Dominos effect, power politics and ethics, OD Interventions. Unit III: Organizational Culture the Management of Change: Organizational culture, Martin’s perspective on the study of culture, Hofstede’s Schein’s perspective of organizational culture, Strategies for cultural change, Parameters of cultural change, Realigning culture in the organization. Unit IV: HRD Management of Change: Concept of HRD, Strategic change HRD, Strategic integration orders of strategic integration, Development of managers, Process of Staff development, Recruitment selection management of change, Performance management management of change. Unit V: Role of Change Management in Downsizing and Mergers Acquisitions: Concept of Downsizing, Need problems related to downsizing and mergers acquisitions, Handling psychological states of employees in downsizing and mergers acquisitions, Implications related to them, Strategies to be used in downsizing and mergers acquisitions to have effective change, Principal determinants, Theories of Intervention to manage downsizing. Unit VI: Evaluating Promoting Change: Approaches to evaluate promote change, Evaluation research, The action research spiral, Clarity of purpose strategies, Gathering data for analysis, Analysis feedback. Textbook: 1. Managing Change: Adrian Thronhill, Phil Lewis, Mike Millmore, Mark Saunders; Pearson Education Limited Reference Books: 1. Change Management: CSV Murthy; Himalaya Publishing House 2. Essentials of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relation: Dr. P. Subba Rao; Himalaya Publishing House 3. Organisational Behaviour: K Aswathappa Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-3 Course : Group Behaviour And Transactional Analysis L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: To help students understand how people act, think, and feel in organizational settings and how to form better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. The study of Organizational Behavior and Transaction Analysis will facilitate the process of explaining, understanding, predicting, maintaining, and changing employee behavior in an organizational environment. Unit I: Personality and Perception – Determinants of personality, Types of personality, Theories of personality, Perception O. B. , Managing the perception process, Components of attitudes, formation of attitudes, changing attitude. Unit II: Group Behavior – Groups, reason for people to work in groups, Group Development – Stages, Strategies, Group Behavior Model, Roles in Groups, Roles – Identity, Perception, Expectation, Differentiation. Unit III: Group Behavior Functioning – Theories of Group Behavior Functioning, Influence of group behavior on work assignment, Group Potential, Group Cohesiveness, Groupthink, Group Productivity Group Performance. Unit IV: Group and Team Dynamics – Nature of teams, types of teams, benefits from teams, types of groups, group development, determinants of group behavior Teams vs. Groups. Unit V: Power Conflict – Power dynamics, sources of power, power tactics, nature of conflict, types of conflict, Conflict process, levels of conflict, conflict resolution, cases on power conflict. Unit VI: Transactional Analysis – Ego states and their identification, Types of Transactions, Cases on T A. Introduction background, Positions of change, Child, parent adult, Families children Test Book 1. Organisational Behaviour: K. Aswatthappa, Himalaya Publishing House. Reference Books: 1. The Dynamics of Group Behaviour: Concepts, Principles and Practices, M. Gangadhara Rao and Surya P. Rao (2007), Kanishka Prakshan 2. Organisational Behaviour: Fred Luthans, McGraw- Hill Publishing co. ltd. 3. Organisational Behaviour: Robbins, Prentice hall of India Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-4 Course : Training Development Practices L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course will enable the students to understand the Function of Training Development followed in the organizations. It will take a holistic view of this function will discuss identification, design evaluation of training programs in detail. The course will also discuss best practices of Training Development in different organizations. Unit I: Training and Development: Introduction, Nature of training, Significance of training, Scope Objectives of training, Benefits of training, Philosophy of training. Difference between Training Development. Unit II: Training Need Analysis – Identification of training needs, Thayer McGhee Model, Areas of training, Responsibilities for providing training. Unit III: Training Design Methods of Training Development – Perspectives for Designing Training, On the Job Training Off the Job Training, Training Methodology – Case Study, Management Games, Brain Storming, Role Play, In- Basket exercises, Group Discussion; Concept Importance of Management Development Programs (MDP’s), Steps in MDP’s, Methods and Techniques of MDP’s, Prospective pitfalls. Unit IV: Tools for Effective Training – Teaching aids and techniques, Audio-visual aids, Skills of an Effective Trainer: Communication skills, Knowledge, Training styles, Power of Body Language, Developing creativity. Unit V: Evaluation of Training – Feedback from participants, Measurement of training effectiveness, Models of Training evaluation, Evaluation of trainers and facilities for training. Audit of Training – Cost of training. Unit VI: Training in Indian International Organisation – National Perspective regarding current training and development practices, International Perspective. Case Study. Text Book: 1. Effective Human Resource Training and Development Strategy: Dr. B. Rathan Reddy, Publication –Himalaya Publication House. Reference Books: 1. Personnel Management and Human Resources: N. C. Jain Saakshi, Publication – Allied Publisher. 2. Human Resource and Personnel Management: K. Aswathappa, Publication, McGraw- Hill Publishing. 3. Human Resource Management: Tenth Edition, Gary Dessler, Publication- Pearson Education. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-5 Course : Industrial Relations Labour Legislations L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course will discuss and examine the important areas of Legislation Relating to Welfare, Social Security Measures, Wages and Bonus, Industrial Relations, Trade Unions and Employment Conditions. The Course will also deal with the Current Legislative Proposals as well as the Impact of Labour Laws on Human Resource Management. Unit I: Industrial Relation and Industrial Democracy – Definition and concept of industrial relation, basic facts, scope, aspects ideologies of Industrial relations, Approaches to Industrial relations. Collective Bargaining: Definition, importance, types ,prerequisites of effective collective Bargaining Collective Bargaining in India; Workers Participation: Concept meaning, Aims objective, Forms levels of participation, conditions essential of working of the scheme. Unit II: Grievances Disputes – Nature, causes, settlement procedure of Grievances, Industrial Disputes, causes, remedial prevention measures and settlement machinery. Consequences of Industrial disputes on Industry Society. Significance of Peace Harmony to Industrial Productivity progress Unit III: Labour Welfare Social Security Legislations – Meaning scope, Labour welfare welfare officer in Indian Industry, his role, perceptive, limitations, role perception and role performance, New challenges expectations, Training of welfare officers; Aims of social security measures, methods of providing social security, benefits to workers-social assistance and social insurance, origin and growth of the idea of social security. Workmen’s compensation Act, Employees state Insurance Act 1948, Provident Fund Act 1952 and Payment of Gratuity Act 1972. Unit IV: Normative and Wage Legislations – Factories Act, 1948, Bombay shop Establishment Act 1948, PULP Act 1971. Minimum wages Act, Payment Of wages Act 1936, Payment of Bonus Act 1965. Unit V: Industrial Relation Legislations – Trade Union Act 1926, Industrial Employment standing order Act 1946, Bombay Industrial Relations Act, Industrial Dispute Act 1947. Unit VI: ILO Functions of Working of Offices Attached To Labour Ministry – ILO: Constitution, working impact of ILO on Labour Legislations in India, ILO convention recommendations. Functions Working of Offices Attached To Labour Ministry: Directorate –General of Employment Training; Labour Bureau; Welfare Commissioners; Various committee constitute by the Government of India (Ministry Of Labour). Text Book: 1. Dynamics of Industrial Relations: Mamoria Mamoria, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. Reference Books: 1. Industrial Jurisprudence Labour Legislation: A. M. Sarma, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 2. Taxmann’s Labour laws: Taxmann Publications Pvt. Ltd. 3. Essentials of Human Resource Management Industrial Relation: P. SubbhaRao, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 4. Industrial Relations: C. S. VenkataRatnam, Publisher: Oxford University Press. 5. Labour and Industrial laws: P. K. Padhi, Publisher: Eastern Economy Education. Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-6 Course : Human Resource Strategies And Systems L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course will enable student to understand the HRD as a field of study its evolution. It will help the student to understand the role strategies of HRD in different situations. It will also try to establish relationship between HRD various skill improvement techniques. It will also enable to understand the role of HRD in Government Private Enterprises. Unit I: Introduction – Field of Human Resource Development (HRD): A multi-dimensional and new concept, Goals and challenges, Objectives and determinants, Approaches to HRD. Evolution of HRD. Unit II: Comparative Study of Various HR Disciplines: Comparative study of Human Resource Development, Human Resource Management, Human Capital Management and Personnel Management, Unit III: HR System H. R. D. Culture Design – HR System and Sub systems of HR system , HRD intervention, HRD culture and practices, Subculture, Propagation of culture through HRD. Quality of Work Life. Unit IV: Issues in HRD – Strategy for HRD: Diversity in work force, exit strategy, competitive advantage and relationship management; HRD in Planning for Diversification, Expansion, Mergers, Acquisitions and Takeovers. Unit V: HRD Skill Enhancement Techniques – Total Quality Management (TQM), Knowledge Management, H. R. Restructuring, Reengineering, Quality Circles. Unit VI: HRD In Different Sectors: – HRD in different organisations, Government Agencies and their role in HRD, Rural development through HRD, HRD in Emerging Sectors: I. T. and I. T. E. S. National Human Resource Development Strategy (NHRDS), Objectives of the initiative, HRD’s role for ROI its calculation. Text Book: 1. Human Resource Management, Biswajeet Pattanayak, Publisher: Prentice Hall Of India. Reference Books: 1. Human Resource and Personnel Management,K Aswathapha, Publisher: Mc-Graw Hill. . Personnel and Human Resource Management: Text and Cases, P. SubbaRao, Publisher: Himalaya Publishing House. 3. Human Resource Development, Jon M. Werner Randy L. Desimone, Publisher: South-Western Publication 4. Strategic Human Resource Planning by, Monica Belcourt Kenneth McBey, Publisher:Thomson Nelson Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-7 Course : Human Resource Planning L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The course will enable student to study forecasting, resourcing, downsizing restructuring. The students will also understand the importance of succession management. HR planning during Mergers Acquisitions will be also discussed in details. The current issues in HR Planning faced by organization will be discussed. Unit I: Strategic HR Planning: Need for strategic HRM, Characteristics of effective HRM strategy, Types of strategy, Models of business strategy, Strategic HR Planning model. Unit II: HR Forecasting Process: Meaning benefits of HR forecasting, Key personnel required, Determining net HR requirements, Steps to conduct trend analysis, Various forecasting techniques, Ascertaining HR supply, Retention management. Unit III: Downsizing Restructuring: Concept of downsizing restructuring, Need of downsizing, The decision of downsizing, concept of â€Å"survivors† of downsizing, Impact consequences of downsizing, Effective downsizing and restructuring strategies, Handling psychological and labour issues in downsizing. Unit IV: Succession Management: Concept importance of succession management, Evolution Process of succession management, Management developments methods, Role of employee in succession management. Unit V: Mergers Acquisitions: Concept of merger acquisition, 360 degree impact of merger acquisition, Cultural issues in mergers, HR planning for mergers acquisitions, Changes brought in various HR issues. Unit VI: Current Trends in HR Planning: Development of HR planning, Controlling attrition, Scope overview. Textbook: 1. Strategic Human Resources Planning: Monica Belcourt, Kenneth J. McBey; Thomson Reference Books: 1. Effective Succession Planning: William J. Rothwell; Amacom 2. Human Resource Planning: John Bramham; Universities Press 3. Human Resource and Personnel Management: K Aswathappa; Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited 4. A Textbook of Human Resource Management: C. B. Mamoria S. V. Gankar; Himalaya Publishing House Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT603-8 Course : International HRM Scenario Practices L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: The objective of the course is to help students gain knowledge and skills in dealing with international human resources management. To accomplish this, the student will be exposed to a series of cases, which demand commitment from him/her. The course includes the introduction to IHRM, cultural literacy, business management of global companies, international staffing, comparative HRM in America, Japan, India and UK, Challenges and strategies in IHRM, and International compensation. Unit I: Introduction: to International Resource Management Scope of international HRM, Cultural Literacy and Cultural awareness: essentials, advantages, cultural skills for co-operative advantages. Factors affecting International HRM. Comparative Employment Policy – Concept, significance, the Cultural Approach – Power Distance (PDI), Uncertainty avoidance (UAI), Individuality (INV), Masculinity (MASC), Long-Term Orientation. Unit II: Business Management of Global Companies – Characteristics of domestic and global companies, HRM approaches and strategic planning in global organizations. Roles of International HR Manager, Developing Global Literate Leader. Unit III: International Staffing – Recruitment, selection, hiring, training and development, career planning, succession planning, retention. Expatriation, Inpatriation, Flexpatriation. Cultural and Reality shock, Reverse-Cultural Shock. Unit IV: Work Culture of various economies – The comparative approach to HRM in America, Japan, India and UK. National culture, HRM and other employee related values and practices in these economies. Unit VI: Challenges and strategies in IHRM: Challenges with respect to Demographics, Diversity, Occupational Shifts, Workforce Scarcity, Quality, Economy, Technology, Retention, Mergers, Acquisitions and Lay-offs. IHRM Strategies. Unit V: International Compensation – Principles of International Compensation, Methods and practices of International Compensation, International Compensation and employee satisfaction. Text Book: 1. International Human Resource Management: Monir Tayeb, Oxford University Press. Reference Books: 1. International Human Resource Management: P. Subba Rao, Himalaya Publishing House 2. International Human Resource Management: K. Aswathappa S. Dash, Tata McGrawHill 3. International Human Resource Management: Tony Edwards Chris Rees, Pearson Education Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code : MBT604-1 Course : Operations Planning and Control L:3 Hrs. , T:1 Hrs. , P:0 Hrs. , Per week Total Credits : 7 Objectives: This course intends to introduce the student to operations planning and control which involves all activities in the organisation, which contributes to the effective production of goods and services. It will start with an nderstanding of the operations strategic objectives. It will also give the student insight of translating the corporate goals into their implications for the operation’s performance objectives, quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost. Unit I: Introduction – Introduction to Functions of production planning and control, Ma nufacturing systems, Production procedures, service Operations Unit II: Preplanning: Product development and design, Sales forecasting and estimation, plant layout, capacity planning Unit III: Planning: Production order, Mass production, Batch production, Job-shop production, Batch size determination, Scheduling, Batch production scheduling Unit III: Control: Elements of Control, Production control, Shop floor control, Computer assisted control, Inventory control Unit IV Control: Manpower control, Quality control, Cost control, Maintenance control Unit V: Distribution Management: Distribution requirement planning, management and control, Unit VI: Recent trends: Lean manufacturing, Green manufacturing, Flexible manufacturing system, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems (CIMS), Advanced Production Inventory Management Systems (APIMS), Text Book 1. Operations Management: Russell Taylor, Wiley India Reference Books: 1. Elements of Production Planning and Control: Samuel Eilon, Universal Books Corporation 2. Manufacturing Planning and Control Systems: Thomas Vollmann, William Berry, D. Clay Whybrk, Galgotia Publication 3. Production and Operations Management: Everett E. Adam, Jr, Ronald J. Ebert, PHI India 4. Operations Management: by SLACK LEWIS, Michael Lewis, Nigel Slack Syllabus of Second Year (Semester III/IV), MBA (Master of Business Administration) Course Code: MBT604-2Course: Supply Chain Management L: 3 Hrs. , T: 1 Hr. , Per WeekTotal Credits: 7 Objectives: The objective of the course is to give students a holistic view of Supply Chain Management. To provide an insight into current industry practices in supply chain ma How to cite Analysis of Salt in India, Essay examples

Television as a Domestic Technology

If the efforts to revitalize television in the digital era are to materialize, television viewers will ultimately be required to be conversant with the set-top box (a novel consumer technology) which provides unprecedented means of consuming television. There is no doubt that this type of technology entails assimilation of new media technology into the household settings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Television as a Domestic Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More importantly, it also facilitates amplification of an interactive techno-culture among domestic consumers of television. Consequently, interactivity must have a positive effect on the manner in which television consumers use this technology in their daily lives (Petersen and Kim 74). Therefore, the main focus of this paper is to discuss the manner in which television is used as a domestic technology. This paper will also address the primary p osition of television in the home and how it is by households. Ever since the launch of digital television and the introduction of the set-top box as the modern consumer technology to replace the analogue television system, television has been cast into the limelight with respect to adjustments in the manner in which it is currently consumed by households. It is worthy to note that the interactive television sector (the traditional media production firms as well as new players with novel business ideas) is currently facing stiff competition among the industry players in terms of who among them will develop the best ideas (Christensen 4). Domestication refers to the manners in which consumers of television endeavor to curve a niche for the technology in their houses and make it meaningful and productive in their daily lives. In other words, the domestication of technology implies a process of adopting technology within the household environment. The concept of moral economy implies t hat household members have unique ways of using television set as a domestic technology (Christensen 5). The four distinct ways used by the households are conversion, appropriation, incorporation and objectification. The conversion implies that household members alter the symbolic and functional use of the television (as a domestic technology) into a meaningful production that allows for the moral economy of the family to be integrated into the objective economy of the society at large.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On the other hand, appropriation refers to the procurement of the television technology as a domestic commodity that facilitates the integration of the objective meaning in society with the domestic moral economy. Incorporation refers to the process of assimilating the television technology into the daily routines of the household. Nonetheless, incorporation is al so the subject of negotiations and conflicts with the television technology. It also serves as an integral aspect of family members’ continuous work of creating and upholding identity within the household. Finally, objectification deals with the manner in which television (as a domestic technology) should be integrated into the daily routines of the household. In other words, it implies how the new technology should be fitted into the spatial organization of the household (Christensen 6). It goes without saying that the consumption of television as a domestic technology is a way to describe and position household members in their unique environment into a general social perspective. Nonetheless, when the television set is openly displayed by the household, it creates an impression that can be construed in diverse ways by individuals who visit that home. For example, the symbolic display of television as a domestic technology may be construed by different visitors as vulgar, s nobbish, kitsch and stylish. As a matter of fact, the manner in which the technology (television) is displayed in the house might even cause dispute among members of the household (Christensen 7). With respect to physically situating the technological object, the set-top box must have a phone line connection. This means that the set-box is reliant on the electrical system of the house in order to deliver an electric socket, telephone line connection as well as a television connection. There are several reasons given to explain why a television set (and not a computer) occupies the living room of the house. One of the reasons given is that the computer is not only a goal-oriented artifact but also has lengthy cables and thus it is kept away either in the study room or in the bedroom. On the contrary, the television set is conspicuously displayed in the central living room as a symbol of prestige. In addition, the satellite dish is a conspicuous symbol that informs the outside world t hat the household possesses that technology. Moreover, the set-top box will soon curve a niche among other television technologies given that it is re-arbitrating the VCR and the satellite decoding receiver while at the same time enhancing transmission and signal quality (Christensen 11).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Television as a Domestic Technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nonetheless, it (the set-top box) does not clearly offer a comprehensible sign to the outside world of what type of content the household is consuming unless adapted into some sort of symbolic use. Consequently, the household may be compelled to procure a pay per view program or to subscribe to a premium digital services. As a result, the set-top box (just as the previous television did), turns into the main source of public meetings since it provides television programs that are only available to households in possession of the set-top boxes and valid subscriptions (Livingstone 60). There is no doubt that the concept of living room (as a technical and cultural hub of the household) has experienced a number of changes. The society is currently witnessing a major development of individually owned digital media. Traditional media are now utilized in new restructuring of time and space. At the same time, most of the households are currently in possession of several radios, telephones and televisions (Livingstone 62). Initially, majority of households had only one television set in the living room (the main meeting place for household members). However, since the emergence of media production firms such as NTL that sell multi-room viewing services, majority of television channels are now easily accessible from any room in the house. In fact, a number of teenagers have procured better television sets for use in their personal rooms. This phenomenon has relegated the important role of the television set in the l iving room. In addition, the consumption of television as a domestic technology has led to the technological empowerment of the teenagers in terms of the transformation in ownership of domestic technologies. Initially, mass media was communally consumed in the living room by all members of the household. Ever since the inception of television as a domestic technology, youths have gradually moved towards mobile consumption of media (Pemberton 10). It is worthy to note that, many teenagers have installed computers, audio devises and television sets in their bedrooms as sources of entertainment. As of now, teenagers are using television as a domestic technology to produce a wall of sound in their personal rooms which has ultimately changed generational and gender patterns in the society.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For many parents, the adoption of television technology within the household settings is not a bad thing after all because they are in a better position to monitor their teenagers gathered in their bedrooms. In addition, television is considered a safe medium since it is able to attract a loyal and ardent audience via its memorable usability. In others words, interactive television offers an ontological sanctuary for audience who experience problems when they attempt to gain access to relatively unfamiliar sea of information online via the use of the computer and the World Wide Web (WWW). Apart from encouraging the audience to stay tuned to a particular channel, interactive television provides safe transmission of information that has positive impacts on the viewers (Petersen and Kim 103). Works Cited Christensen, Holmgaard. The Impact of Interactivity on Television Consumption. Dublin: Dublin City University, 2002. Print. Livingstone, Sonja. â€Å"New Media, New Audiences?† New Media and Society 1 (1999): 59-66. Pemberton, Lyn. The Potential of Interactive Television for Delivering Individualized Language Learning. Brighton: University of Brighton, 2002. Petersen, Marianne and Kim H. Madsen. â€Å"The Usability of Everyday Technology: Emerging and Fading Opportunities.† ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 9 (2002): 74-105. This essay on Television as a Domestic Technology was written and submitted by user N1k0las to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Household registration in the Peoples Republic of China

Household registration in the Peoples Republic of China Introduction Household registration is not a new phenomenon in the Peoples’ Republic of China. In ancient China, it started way back during the period between 2100BC- 1600BC. Today this process of registration has spread to Taiwan.  In China, household registration involves the process of identifying an individual as a resident of a certain place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Household registration in the Peoples’ Republic of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Jeffries (121) some of the important information required during this whole process of registration include, name of the person registering, the names of his or her parents, name of his or her spouse, as well as the date of birth. This process is not optional but it is mandatory according to the Chinese constitution. Significance of the household registration system However, Wong Hongyi (212) point out that during the Cold W ar period in the year 1949, China had a new government that introduced a communist oriented idea. They note that later on, the same regime started a family register so that the government could check the migration of people from the urban to rural areas. According to Cheek Saich (106) the aim of the government was to control the number of people who went to the cities to seek employment. In order to achieve this, the government required all the people intending to make a move to towns to seek employment to first seek permission from the local authorities. He says that if an individual was to be allowed to go to the city to seek employment, then he or she had to have six passes in order to work in other provinces. Yao (448) contends that this restriction on migration was aimed at ensuring that social stability was maintained in the city. He argues that the government thought that allowing uncontrolled flow of people to the city would lead to emergence of slums that normally houses t he unemployed as well as those who are in unskilled category. In addition he says that the government wanted to ensure that there was no insecurity that may be brought about by lack of job opportunities. To him lack of job opportunity had been found to contribute significantly to the rise of insecurity in many towns in the world and therefore the government wanted to take precautions to avoid such cases being replicated in her towns and therefore introduction of the curfew.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Jeffries (115), the government wanted to encourage her people in the rural areas to be creative by using the natural resources available. He notes that China has a great potential to produce agricultural products and therefore the government thought that if more people went to the cities to depend on employment as their source of livelihood, then agricultural produ ction was likely to be affected negatively. As a result of this he says that China has managed to produce sufficient food to feed her increasing population and also have surplus to export in other countries. Pickle (127) says that the government wanted to ensure that all areas developed equally. According to him the amount of tax collected in a certain province or region was used to develop that area. As a result he says that the government aimed at encouraging people to develop their areas so that they could stop relying on the central government for all their needs. He argues that the government usually refused to manage those individuals who used to work outside their designated areas. By so doing, the local government would be seen to be failing in its responsibilities. To them the local government is supposed to cater for the social welfare of the people in their municipalities to avoid creating a vacuum in the distribution and provision of public services. In addition, Wong H ongyi (219) point out that the government wanted to improve the human capital in the rural areas. They argue that controlling the movement of people from the rural areas to the urban areas helped them receive occupational training that was initiated by the central government so that they could depend on their work in the rural areas to make the ends meet. Its implications on the integrity and function of the family With the introduction of this program, the institution of the family was one of the many areas that were affected. Cheek Saich (122) says that many family members were separated from each other. According to them, when this process started, those who registered in a different area other than in their home area were forced to remain in their area of registration. Therefore in case they wanted to visit any of their relatives in a different province, they had to seek permission from the authority. They note that in order to discourage people from moving from one place to an other, the local authority was bureaucratic.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Household registration in the Peoples’ Republic of China specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore in order for one to get a clearance from the authority he or she had to visit a number of offices to get cleared. In most cases they argue that many of the applicants gave up and decided to continue living in their designated areas. Yao (453) says that families in the rural areas were the main victims when famine struck. According to him, as many people tried to move to other areas to look for food, the security detail in most of the entry points denied them access. As a result many of them died while those who were lucky to survive were deported to their homes. He notes that this was the worst illustration of how much problems this process could bring to the Chinese. Furthermore, Pickle (132) points out that men and women were forced to do similar jobs. He notes that this was as a result of trying to put food on the table. According to him, prior to the introduction of this program, men and women had their own designated works. However after the introduction of the program resources became scarce and therefore each one of them had to work hard to lay hands on the few that were available. He calls this as a period of reversed roles. Conclusion Although it can be argued that the government wanted to encourage her people on the importance of working hard to sustain themselves by introducing this program, the whole process turned out to be more painful to the people compared to the gains they got. Therefore, the government could have conducted a feasibility study on this so that such negative effects on the people could be avoided. In addition, confining people in their locality can at times be harmful since such people do not get a chance to socialize with others beyond their boarders.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore in case the government thinks of applying such a program later on in life, it should address the problems that were raised during the first attempt. Cheek, Timothy Saich, Tony. New perspectives on state socialism in China. New York: M.E.  Sharpe, Inc., 1997. Jeffries, Ian. Economic Developments in Contemporary China. New York: Taylor Francis,  2009. Pickle, John. Theorizing transition: the political economy of post-Communist transformations.  London: Routledge, 1998. Wong, John Hongyi, Lai. China into the Hu-Wen era: policy initiatives and challenges.  Singapore: World Scientific, 2006. Yao, Yang. Reform and Development in China: What Can China Offer the Developing World.  New York: Taylor Francis, 2010.

Cave Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World

Cave Paintings, the Parietal Art of the Ancient World Cave art, also called parietal art or cave paintings, is a general term referring to the decoration of the walls of rock shelters and caves throughout the world. The best-known sites are in Upper Paleolithic Europe. There polychrome (multi-colored) paintings made of charcoal and ochre, and other natural pigments, were used to illustrate extinct animals, humans, and geometric shapes some 20,000-30,000 years ago. The purpose of cave art, particularly Upper Paleolithic cave art, is widely debated. Cave art is most often associated with the work of shamans- religious specialists who may have painted the walls in memory of past or support of future hunting trips. Cave art was once considered evidence of a creative explosion, when the minds of ancient humans became fully developed. Today, scholars believe that human progress towards behavioral modernity began in Africa and developed much more slowly. The Earliest and Oldest Cave Paintings The oldest yet dated cave art is from El Castillo Cave, in Spain. There, a collection of handprints and animal drawings decorated the ceiling of a cave about 40,000 years ago. Another early cave is Abri Castanet in France, about 37,000 years ago; again, its art is limited to handprints and animal drawings. The oldest of the lifelike paintings most familiar to fans of rock art is the truly spectacular Chauvet Cave in France, direct-dated to between 30,000-32,000 years ago. Art in rock shelters is known to have occurred within the past 500 years in many parts of the world, and there is some argument to be made that modern graffiti is a continuation of that tradition. Dating Upper Paleolithic Cave Sites One of the great controversies in rock art today is whether we have reliable dates for when the great cave paintings of Europe were completed. There are three current methods of dating cave paintings. Direct dating, in which conventional or AMS radiocarbon dates are taken on tiny fragments of charcoal or other organic paints in the painting itselfIndirect dating, in which radiocarbon dates are taken on charcoal from occupation layers within the cave that are somehow associated with the painting, such as pigment-making tools, portable art or collapsed painted roof or wall blocks are found in datable strataStylistic dating, in which scholars compare the images or techniques used in a particular painting to others which have already been dated in another manner Although direct dating is the most reliable, stylistic dating is the most often used, because direct dating destroys some part of the  painting and the other methods are only possible in rare occurrences. Stylistic changes in artifact types have been used as chronological markers in seriation since the late 19th century; stylistic changes in rock art are an outgrowth of that philosophical method. Until Chauvet, painting styles for the Upper Paleolithic were thought to reflect a long, slow growth to complexity, with certain themes, styles and techniques assigned to the Gravettian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian time segments of the UP. Direct-Dated Sites in France According to von Petzinger and Nowell (2011 cited below), there are 142 caves in France with wall paintings dated to the UP, but only 10 have been direct-dated. Aurignacian (~45,000-29,000 BP), 9 total: ChauvetGravettian (29,000-22,000 BP), 28 total: Pech-Merle, Grotte Cosquer, Courgnac, Mayennes-SciencesSolutrian (22,000-18,000 BP), 33 total: Grotte CosquerMagdalenian (17,000-11,000 BP), 87 total: Cougnac, Niaux, Le Portel The problem with that (30,000 years of art primarily identified by modern western perceptions of style changes) was recognized by Paul Bahn among others in the 1990s, but the issue was brought into sharp focus by the direct dating of Chauvet Cave. Chauvet, at 31,000 years old an Aurignacian period cave, has a complex style and themes that are usually associated with much later periods. Either Chauvets dates are wrong, or the accepted stylistic changes need to be modified. For the moment, archaeologists cannot move completely away from stylistic methods, but they can retool the process. Doing so will be difficult, although von Pettinger and Nowell have suggested a starting point: to focus on image details within the direct-dated caves and extrapolate outward. Determining which image details to select to identify stylistic differences may be a thorny task, but unless and until detailed direct-dating of cave art becomes possible, it may be the best way forward. Sources Bednarik RG. 2009. To be or not to be Palaeolithic, that is the question.  Rock Art Research  26(2):165-177. Chauvet J-M, Deschamps EB, and Hillaire C. 1996. Chauvet Cave: The worlds oldest paintings, dating from around 31,000 BC.  Minerva  7(4):17-22. Gonzlez JJA, and Behrmann RdB. 2007. C14 et style: La  chronologie  de  l’art  parià ©tal   l’heure  actuelle.  LAnthropologie  111(4):435-466. doi:j.anthro.2007.07.001 Henry-Gambier D, Beauval C, Airvaux J, Aujoulat N, Baratin JF, and Buisson-Catil  J. 2007. New hominid remains associated with Gravettian parietal art (Les Garennes, Vilhonneur, France).  Journal of Human Evolution  53(6):747-750. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.07.003 Leroi-Gourhan A, and Champion S. 1982.  The dawn of European art: an introduction to Palaeolithic cave painting.  New York: Cambridge University Press. Mà ©lard N, Pigeaud R, Primault J, and  Rodet  J. 2010.  Gravettian painting and associated activity at Le Moulin de  .  Antiquity  84(325):666–680.Laguenay  (Lissac-sur-Couze, Corrà ¨ze) Moro Abadà ­a O. 2006.  Art, crafts and Paleolithic art.  Journal of Social Archaeology 6(1):119–141. Moro Abadà ­a O, and Morales MRG. 2007. Thinking about style in the post-stylistic era: reconstructing the stylistic context of Chauvet.  Oxford Journal of Archaeology  26(2):109-125. doi:10.1111/j.1468-0092.2007.00276.x Pettitt PB. 2008. Art and the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition in Europe: Comments on the archaeological arguments for an early Upper Paleolithic antiquity of the Grotte Chauvet art.  Journal of Human Evolution  55(5):908-917. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.04.003 Pettitt, Paul. Dating European Palaeolithic Cave Art: Progress, Prospects, Problems. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, Alistair Pike, Volume 14, Issue 1, SpringerLink, February 10, 2007. Sauvet  G, Layton R, Lenssen-Erz T, Taà §on P, and Wlodarczyk A. 2009. Thinking with Animals in Upper Palaeolithic Rock Art.  Cambridge Archaeological Journal  19(03):319-336. doi:10.1017/S0959774309000511 von Petzinger G, and Nowell A. 2011.  A question of style: reconsidering the stylistic approach to dating Palaeolithic parietal art in France.  Antiquity  85(330):1165-1183.